To reproduce (my machine was Mac OS 10.12.6 but I'm sure the issue is the same for other hosts)

1. Download and install latest Android NDK
2. Set up a Qt kit using the latest NDK as well as android-clang mkspecs
3. Build and run an example, e.g. "Qt Quick Controls 2 - Gallery"
4. The app will fail at runtime with the error mentioned in the subject

I assume this is because the Qt shared libraries (libQt5xxx.so) still link against gnustl_shared.so and not the new libc+ , whereas the android-clang mkspecs clearly set libc+++ as the STL to use and not gnustl_shared.

According to the Android documentation you can only have one STL in use per app (https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/cpp-support.html).

Btw. the android-g++ mkspecs still link with gnustl_shared, however both GCC/G++ as well as gnustl_shared are outdated Android assets and are not recommended any more by Google. Clang and libc++ are recommended instead.