From the cloned bug:

I also have a ticket open with Apple developer support, and they are pointing out some additional issues (that are not making things fail completely for me - at the moment - though):
And it is because you are referencing rpaths outside your bundle. There's about 100 instances of this issue so I will attach a log of all of them I see. Here are a few examples:

xxx.app/Contents/PlugIns/quick/libqtquickcontrols2basicstyleimplplugin.dylib: Mach-O declares an absolute rpath (`/Users/qt/work/install/lib`). [absoluteRPath]
xxx.app/Contents/PlugIns/quick/libqtquickcontrols2basicstyleplugin.dylib: Mach-O declares an absolute rpath (`/Users/qt/work/install/lib`). [absoluteRPath]

xxx.app/Contents/PlugIns/sqldrivers/libqsqlpsql.dylib: Mach-O imports library from unexpected absolute path (`/Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/14/lib/libpq.5.dylib`). [absoluteImports]
 

In this case I'm not even using any of the SQL things, which just end up being added by macdeployqt. In addition, I have nothing installed at "/Users/qt/" in first place. Entire Qt is installed under /opt/Qt-x.x.x and the "/Users/qt" path doesn't exist on my development systems.