Qt Quick Controls 2.0 application fails on Windows phone

After building and deploying the Qt Quick Controls 2 Gallery example, it fails at runtime when deployed to a real Windows Phone (Windows 10):

The same example executes without this error on WinRT on the dev machine, although I can't tell if it actually works as QML has trouble displaying anything in VirtualBox.

With Qt 5.6.0, the error is:

QQmlApplicationEngine failed to load component
qrc:/gallery.qml:43 module "Qt.labs.controls" plugin "qtquickcontrolsplugin" not found

This prevents me from using Qt Quick on my Windows 10 Phone.