Qt 5.7.0 on Android 4.3 fails

When deploying a QtQuick application to an Android Phone running Android 4.3, the application crashes right after startup, with a popup warning about an critical error that has appeared (but not which one).

The log output contains:
dlopen("/data/data/org.qtproject.example.AndroidTest/lib/libQt5Qml.so") failed: dlopen failed: cannot locate symbol "ZSt24_throw_out_of_range_fmtPKcz" referenced by "libQt5Qml.so"...
W/System.err(10330): java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
W/System.err(10330): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
W/System.err(10330): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:525)
W/System.err(10330): at org.qtproject.qt5.android.bindings.QtLoader.loadApplication(QtLoader.java:237)
W/System.err(10330): at org.qtproject.qt5.android.bindings.QtLoader.startApp(QtLoader.java:647)
W/System.err(10330): at org.qtproject.qt5.android.bindings.QtActivityLoader.onCreate(QtActivityLoader.java:181)
W/System.err(10330): at org.qtproject.qt5.android.bindings.QtActivity.onCreate(QtActivity.java:269)
W/System.err(10330): at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:5372)
W/System.err(10330): at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1104)
W/System.err(10330): at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2257)
W/System.err(10330): at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2349)
W/System.err(10330): at android.app.ActivityThread.access$700(ActivityThread.java:159)
W/System.err(10330): at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1316)
W/System.err(10330): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
W/System.err(10330): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:176)
W/System.err(10330): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5419)
W/System.err(10330): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
W/System.err(10330): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:525)
W/System.err(10330): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:1046)
W/System.err(10330): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:862)
W/System.err(10330): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
W/System.err(10330): Caused by: java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: dlopen failed: cannot locate symbol "ZSt24_throw_out_of_range_fmtPKcz" referenced by "libQt5Qml.so"...
W/System.err(10330): at java.lang.Runtime.load(Runtime.java:330)
W/System.err(10330): at java.lang.System.load(System.java:511)
W/System.err(10330): at org.qtproject.qt5.android.QtNative.loadQtLibraries(QtNative.java:171)
W/System.err(10330): at org.qtproject.qt5.android.QtActivityDelegate.loadApplication(QtActivityDelegate.java:502)
W/System.err(10330): ... 20 more