Currently there is no API for post processing effects in Qt Quick 3D. The code path for applying them is also disabled in the renderer. They were intentionally down-prioritized in Qt Quick 3D because of their poor performance, and similarity to the ShaderEffects API in QML. It would be useful to try and re-add support for Effects though for users who have the extra processing power.
We should design a similar QML API to what we did with CustomMaterials for defining Effects, and then port all existing Effects that are shipped with Qt 3D Studio to that API. It should be possible to create your own ShaderEffects from Qt Design Studio via the QML API.
Post Processing Effects are applied to a DemonView3D's output, and requires an FBO