Cannot build projects with MSVS 2022 17.14 and Qt/MSBuild

1. Create a new Qt-based project using the wizard.
   I use a "Qt Console Application" for this report but the issue is the same with the other templates.
2. Make sure to use the Build System "Qt Visual Studio Project (Qt/MSBuild)". Use defaults otherwise.
3. Try building the project.
   Expected: The project can be built successfully. This used to work with MSVS < 17.14.0 and it still works with CMake-based projects.
   Actual: The build fails:

   Build started at 22:47...
   1>------ Build started: Project: QtConsoleApplication1, Configuration: Debug x64 ------
   1> Qt/MSBuild: 3.4.0.1
   1>Reading Qt configuration (C:/Qt/6.9.0/msvc2022_64/bin/qmake)
   1> Qt: 6.9.0
   1>main.cpp
   1>C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.44.35207\include\cstddef(11,10): error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'stddef.h': No such file or directory
   1>(compiling source file 'main.cpp')
   1>Done building project "QtConsoleApplication1.vcxproj" -- FAILED.
   ========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========
   ========== Build completed at 22:47 and took 02.070 seconds ==========
   

Found by Squish test tst_new_project_file_creation.